{"id":1095,"date":"2013-12-29T10:41:39","date_gmt":"2013-12-29T02:41:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/?p=1095"},"modified":"2017-10-24T15:55:46","modified_gmt":"2017-10-24T07:55:46","slug":"2013-harvard-workshop-review-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/2013\/12\/29\/2013-harvard-workshop-review-1\/","title":{"rendered":"2013\u54c8\u4f5b\u6148\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\uff081\uff09\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u674e\u9896\u751f\uff08 Helen Li \uff09<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p>2013\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u8fd120\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6148\u5584\u8bbf\u5b66\u56e2\u5b66\u5458\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6148\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u89c2\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8c6a\u6cfd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u76ca\u6148\u5584\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e3b\u529e\uff0cICS\u521b\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u627f\u529e\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u56e2\u961f\u80cc\u666f\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 \u6211\u5c06\u9646\u7eed\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u5458\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u56fa\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e8c\u6765\u4ee5\u671f\u80fd\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u540c\u9053\u6709\u6240\u52a9\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2013\u5e7412\u670817\u65e5<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662<\/li>\n<li>\u6559\u6388\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=271872&amp;facInfo=fea\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Herman B. Leonard<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0\uff08\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u53cc\u79d1\u6559\u6388\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0Dutch\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9<\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6311\u6218\u6bd4\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u8ff0\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\uff0d\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u8ba1\u5206\u5361<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6218\u7565\uff1a<span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Dutch\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1aIntentional design and use ( execution ) of means to achieve chosen purposes; it\u2019s a series of actions. &#8211; \u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u523b\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u975e\u8425\u5229\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7b3c\u7edf\u63d0\u53ca\u975e\u8425\u5229\uff08Nonprofit\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\uff08Nonprofit Organization\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\uff08Nonprofit Sector\uff09\u3002\u5728\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u00a0\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\uff08\u79c1\u6709\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u975e<\/b><b>\u8425<\/b><b>\u5229\u90e8<\/b><b>\u95e8<\/b><b>\u4e0e\u4f01<\/b><b>\u4e1a<\/b><b>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b<\/b><b>\u5904<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>1\u3001\u6307\u5bfc\u79c1\u6709\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u662f\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c \uff1d \u5b9a\u4ef7\uff08\u6536\u5165\uff09 \uff0d \u6210\u672c\uff1b \u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u7136\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5411\u8c01\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u683c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u770b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4ef7\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u662f\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u67092\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u80af\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\u6765\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fDutch\u6240\u8bf4\u7684Accountability\u548cSustainability.<\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u6210\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u6210\u672c\u3002\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u968f\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6210\u672c\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u5382\u623f\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\uff1b\u53ef\u53d8\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6307\u968f\u7740\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u51cf\u800c\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5404\u9879\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u80fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4ea7\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76c8\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u518d\u770b\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4ef7\uff1a\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u8ffd\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5168\u90e8\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5728\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u989d\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u5982\u6551\u52a9\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8003\u8651\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u67092\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5411\u8c01\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u8c01\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u989d\u6536\u8d39\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\u54c8\u4f5b\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u7968\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u5360\u5f88\u5c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6350\u8d60\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fDutch\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u6350\u8d60\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f00\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u957f\u627e\u5230\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff09\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u63a5\u6536\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a$12\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u4ef7\u503c\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a5000\u5143\u7684\u767d\u5185\u969c\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51b3\u7b56\u8981\u6bd4\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u73af\u5883\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u987e\u5ba2\uff08\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u5229\u76ca\u94fe\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0b\u6e38\u5e38\u5e38\u5206\u6563\u3001\u65e0\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u6e38\u901a\u5e38\u624d\u662f\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a03\u3001\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6267\u884c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u521b\u65b0\uff08Invent\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff3b\u53c2\u89c1\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u56fe\u201d\uff3d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a04\u3001\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e09\u5708\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u5708\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff08\u80fd\u529b\uff0b\u652f\u6301\uff09\uff0c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u5708\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e09\u5708\u7406<\/b><b>\u8bba<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\">1\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e863\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff083\u5708\uff09\u3002\u8fd93\u5708\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u75283\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u76842\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\uff1a1\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\uff0cUnit\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff1b2\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff08Perspective\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u8ba2\u8005\uff1f\u9879\u76ee\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff1f<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\">2\u3001\u4e09\u5708\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>2.1\u80fd\u529b\uff08Capacity\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u8d22\u52a1\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u6280\u672f\u3001\u573a\u5730\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u804c\u80fd\u6743\u529b\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u91d1\u94b1\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u94b1\u4e5f\u4e70\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u91d1\u94b1\u4e70\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"display: inline !important;\">\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u673a\u6784\u7a76\u7adf\u7f3a\u5c11\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u529b\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u7528\u673a\u6784\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u56fe\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"display: inline !important;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Task-Environment.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"640\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1100\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Task-Environment.jpg\" alt=\"2013.12.28-Task Environment\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Task-Environment.jpg 430w, http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Task-Environment-201x300.jpg 201w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6311\u6218\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u201d\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u51b3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u201d\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5bf9\u4f60\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5c1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cDutch\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u80fd\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7b3c\u7edf\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 \u652f\u6301\uff08Support\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u793e\u533a\u3001\u6350\u8d60\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u201c\u51c0\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff08net support)\uff0c\u5254\u9664\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff08Capacity\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\uff08Support\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u628a\u652f\u6301\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u5462\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u554a\uff1f \u652f\u6301\u7684\u786e\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e09\u5708\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u673a\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5708\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ea7\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 \u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u4f7f\u547d\uff0cSocial Value\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c01\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u8c01\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u5224\u65ad\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\uff08a matter of judgement)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fDutch\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u4f73\u4e13\u4e1a\u63a8\u65ad\u201d\uff08 Your Best Professional Estimate\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6709\u6df1\u610f\uff1a\u662f\u4f60\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u673a\u6784\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6b66\u65ad\uff1b\u518d\u597d\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7edd\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u8ba4\u53ef\u600e\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\uff3b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u505a\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u86512\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a1\uff09\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027(Validity\uff09\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u30022\uff09\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u4f60\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u591a\u5927\u52aa\u529b\uff1f\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c31\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e24\u5708\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\">2\u3001\u4e09\u5708\u5408\u6210\u53ca\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u4e09\u5708\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\uff3b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u5bf9Dutch\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\uff3d\uff3b\u70b9\u51fb\u56fe\u7247\u770b\u5927\u56fe\uff3d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Circle-Framework.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-1097\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Circle-Framework.png\" alt=\"2013.12.28-Circle Framework\" width=\"693\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Circle-Framework.png 990w, http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Circle-Framework-300x223.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6237\uff08\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u653f\u7b56\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u8fc7\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u4f4e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6216\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u79f0\u4e3alow-hanging fruit\uff0c\u6307\u4f4e\u6302\u679d\u5934\u3001\u4f38\u624b\u53ef\u6458\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fDutch\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0097351\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Field of Dreams<\/span><\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u68a6\u60f3\u6311\u6218\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u521b\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3001\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\">3\u3001\u4e09\u5708\u8fd0\u7528<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u76842\u5927\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1 \u89d2\u8272\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4e09\u5708\u5206\u522b\u6bd4\u4f5c\u67d0\u9879\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u8005\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u6267\u884c\uff08\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3001\u5021\u5bfc\uff08\u652f\u6301\uff09\u3001\u5206\u6790\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u52aa\u529b\u517c\u5177\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u6709\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u73b03\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5e26\u5bbd\uff08Bandwidth\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u9002\u5e94\u529b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u90fd\u64c5\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u626e\u6f14\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u9891\uff08Tune\uff09\uff0c\u61c2\u5f97\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u62c5\u5f53\u5408\u9002\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 \u6218\u7565\u8bc4\u4f30\u53ca\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e09\u5708\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e09\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u65e2\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e09\u5708\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u8c03\u6574\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e24\u5708\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u5f80\u4ef7\u503c\u65b9\u5411\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a03.2 \u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\uff08Reverse Planning\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4f7f\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9006\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u67ef\u7ef4\u5728\u300a\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u76847\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u4e2d\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u7ec8\u4e3a\u59cb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6216\u8005\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u529b\u5ea6\u3002 \u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u51e0\u5206\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u7b56\u7565\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u4e89\u53d6\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Reverse-Planning.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"383\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1099\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Reverse-Planning.jpg\" alt=\"2013.12.28-Reverse Planning\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Reverse-Planning.jpg 383w, http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-Reverse-Planning-265x300.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/b><b>\u7ee9<\/b><b>\u6548\u7ba1\u7406<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dutch\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8fd0\u7528\u5e73\u8861\u79ef\u5206\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u505a\u592a\u591a\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u9646\u7eed\u505a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4e4b\u521d\uff0cDutch\u5c31\u4ee5\u201c\u7834\u574f\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0\u201d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e0b\u57fa\u8c03\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u66f4\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u7834\u574f\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6709\u5fd7\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u662f\u201c\u7834\u574f\u8005\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u6587\uff0c\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>\u70b9<\/b><b>\u8bc4<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dutch\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u4e8e\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u3002\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u5176\u9002\u7528\u9762\u5e7f\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c0f\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u3002 \u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u89c1\u6811\u4e0d\u89c1\u6797\u3002\u628a\u63e1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5404\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u3002 \u8fd9\u5728\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u4e8e\u666e\u9002\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5de5\u5177\uff0c<strong>\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982SWOT\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u683c\u5c40\u5206\u6790\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e8b\u5173\u4e09\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\uff0c\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5168\u5c40\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff1b\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u6218\u7565\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u300b<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/The-Nonprofit-Strategy-Revolution-Rapid-Response\/dp\/0940069652\/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1388279819&amp;sr=8-2&amp;keywords=nonprofit+strategic+planning\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The Nonprofit Strategy Revolution: Real-Time Strategic Planning in a Rapid-Response World<\/span><\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7eb8\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dutch\u5728\u8bfe\u4e0a\u5f88\u5174\u594b\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb2\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bb2\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8003\u8651\u503c\u5f97\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u76f8\u957f\u554a\u3002Well Done\uff01\u80fd\u529b\u5708\u914d\u5408\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u6574\u4f53\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u660e\u767dCapacity\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u72ed\u4e49\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff08Skill\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u8bf4\u201c\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u57f9\u8bad\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8df3\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u524d\u77bb\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u57282013\u5e74\u521d\u66fe\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/2013\/02\/21\/core-shifts-in-nonprofit-capacity-building\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/a><\/span>\uff1b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u660e\u767d\u8d8b\u52bf\u540e\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5148\u53d1\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u770b\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff1b\u800c\u5927\u5bb6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff09\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u800c\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u4e0a\uff0cDutch\u5f88\u660e\u786e\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u201c\u673a\u6784\u201d\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684agency\u3002\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u8865\u5145\u8d44\u6e90\u5217\u4e3e\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4f5c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff3b\u7b14\u8bb0\uff3d<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evernote.com\/shard\/s174\/sh\/4f86d607-353d-46e0-b6bf-3dede7807df1\/1fb785be53f71a2a5976b59322dbd2d6\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u672c\u6587Evernote\u7b14\u8bb0\u7248<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\uff3bDoc\uff3dHerman Leonard (Dutch)\u5173\u4e8e\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u6218\u7565\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a title=\"Herman Leonard.A Short Note on Public Sector Strategy-Building.2002\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Herman-Leonard.A-Short-Note-on-Public-Sector-Strategy-Building.2002.docx\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Herman Leonard.A Short Note on Public Sector Strategy-Building.2002.docx<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\uff3bPDF\uff3d<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a title=\"\u6307\u5bfc\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6218\u7565\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u201d\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/\u80e1\u99a8.\u6307\u5bfc\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6218\u7565\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u201d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u80e1\u99a8\uff1a\u6307\u5bfc\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6218\u7565\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/span>\uff1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u4e1a\u5bb6\u300b\u6742\u5fd72013\uff0c08-09<\/li>\n<li>\uff3b\u8bcd\u6761\uff3d<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a title=\"MBA\u667a\u5e93\uff1a\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\" href=\"http:\/\/wiki.mbalib.com\/wiki\/\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">MBA\u667a\u5e93\uff1a\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0\uff08\u611f\u8c22\u9648\u948a\u627f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\uff3b\u7f51\u9875\uff3d<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a title=\"\u8bbf\u7f8e\u672d\u8bb0\uff08\u4e09\uff09\" href=\"http:\/\/gangzhuangdadao.blogbus.com\/logs\/180591253.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u300a\u8bbf\u7f8e\u672d\u8bb0\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u300b<\/span><\/a><\/span>by \u5eb7\u5e84\u5927\u9053\uff1a2011\u5e74\u6148\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u5b66\u5458\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u4ea6\u8c08\u53caDutch\u7684\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u6982\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u9605\u8bfb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[break]<\/p>\n<p>[break]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u975e\u8425\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6311\u6218\u6bd4\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u4e09\u5708\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ti_tpc_template_sync":false,"_ti_tpc_template_id":"","spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[49,19],"class_list":["post-1095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-program","tag-49","tag-19"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/2013.12.28-HKS.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p30u82-hF","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1095"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1440,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095\/revisions\/1440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gpcommon.org\/ch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}